Process for bending bars and the like



a l lmc A, T. YATE PROCESS FOR BENDING BARS AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 28, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 T Jan. 8, 1929.

A. T. YATES PROCESS FOR BENDING BARS AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 28', 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 B /IZ/l/ fa zh H TTORNEKS o bending a bar.

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Patented Jan. 15,1929.

ARTHUR '1'. YATES, OF

GARDENVILLE, Nii wYoax', ASSIGNOB 'ro BUFFALO roman COMPANY, or BUFFALO, NEW YORK. I a

PRQCESS FOR IBENDING BARS AND THE LIKE.

Applicatioii flled September 28, 1926.- Serial No. 138,189.

This invention relates to processes for bending metal members, such as bars, rods, strips, or the like 1 The objects of this invention are to pro vide a process for bending metal mem ers or parts of metal members edgewise in such a manner as to avoid the distortion of the members out of their respective planes; also to provide a process whereby angle bars and the like may be bent insuch amanner that a flange thereof extends inwardly toward the center of curvature, and without chang ing the true cross section of the-bar at .any portion thereof also to improve processes of this kind in other respects hereinafter specified.

I11 the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 shows respectively a faceview and an edge View and a section of a flat bar or stri of metal which is to be bent edgewise. ig. 2 shows the face View of the bar or strip of metal after the same has been bent.

' edgewise, a cross section thereof being shown below the face view thereof.

Fig. 3 shows an angle bar before the same has been bent, and a cross sectional view thereof.

Fig, 4 shows an angle bar after the same has been passed through the first operation,

. and a cross section thereof.

Fig. 5 shows the angle bar after the same has been bent into its final shape, and a cross section thereof. I

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary, side elevation of a metal bending machine which may be used for effecting the final bending operation on the bar.

Fig. 7 is a front elevation thereof, showing the same'used in the ordinary manner for Fig. 8' is a frontelevation of a bending machine similar tothat shown in Fig. 7 and showing my improved attachment in place thereon, said attachment being used for com- "pressing an edge of the work 'ed ewise bendin thereof.

ig, 9 is a si e elevation, on an enlarged scale, of said attachment.

F ig. '10 is a front'elevation of the attach- 4 5o ment.

' F igJll is a fragmentary, top plan view of a bending machine showing a bar passing through the same and being bent by the elongation of an edge of a flange of the be bent in such a to effect" an It is Well known that any substantiall flat metal member such as a strip of meta or a flat portion of a member, such as a flangeof abeam or bar, offers great resistance to bending in planes parallel to its flat surface, and it is also very. diflicult to ;i bend a substantially flat member in this manner for the reason that this member tendsto become deformed or to buckle outof its own plane. In the bending of angle bars, it has been found that if the bar isito manner that one flange extends cylindrically about the axis of curvature and the other flange or flanges extend outwardly therefrom, no difliculty is encountered since the 'outer edge of the outwardly extending flange or flanges can readily be elongated 'to permit the desired curvature to be attained, and the flanges after being bent will retain the correct angular relationshi to each other; -If, however, the bar or eam is to be bent in one operationin such a manner that the flange or flanges lying'in ilanes radial to the axis 'of curvature, extend inwardly or toward the axis of curvature, a deformation of the cross sectional shaped the bar or beam results, so that the circumferential flange does not extend at right angles to the radial flange, but forms an acute angle therewith, which is objectionable for many pur 0ses.

I have found that angle ars and the like can be bent with one flange thereof extending radially toward the axis of curvature from the other flange by subjecting the bar to two different bending actions, to wit, in the first place, bending or curving abar at right angles to its finalbend or curvature, and then bending a bar which has been so curved into its final form. The first bending operation must take place'in such a manner that the flan e which ultimately becomes the cylindrica or circumferential flange of the final bar,'is first bent in such a manner. that this flange becbin'es the outwardly extending flange of, the angle bar 'ex-. tending outwardly from the axis of curvature and from the other flange. The bar which is thus curved is then passed through a? bending machine or subjected to a bending action in any othersuitable or desired manner so that the outwardly curved flange be comes the 4 circumferential or cylindrical flange of the ultimate bar, and so that the other flange is'bent in a plane radial to the no axis of and extends toward the axis of curvature from the other flange.

Referring to-the drawings, Fig. 3 shows an angle bar having flanges A. and B, and which angle bar is to be bent or curved in such a manner that the flange A extends in- -wardly or toward the axis of curvature,

while the flange B is to become the cylindrically curved or circumferential flange. In' accordance with my process the bar is first subjected to a bending or curving operation so that the same assumes a shape approxh' 1 matelyas illustrated in Fig. 4 in which the flange A extends substantially cylindrically around the axis of curvature while the flange 13 extends outwardly therefrom. This curved bar is then-subjected to a second bending operation, which may be done in the usual'bendin n'1achine, for example, as'illust-rated in Figs. 6 and 7, so that the flange B passes betweenthe rollsincontact with the oppositefaces of the bending rolls and is bent to form the cylindrical flange of the l I finally bent bar. By giving thebar during its first bending operation the correct curvature,'.correspond1ng to-the ultimate curvature desired, it has been'found that when this curved bar is bent into its final shape, the flange-A is bent in such a manner that it will lie entirely in a single plane,in other "words that the cylindrical curvature of the flange A, as shown in Fig.4, isentirely eliine -.inated by the final bendin of the bar. The

bending of. the flange A rom the curvature "shown in Fig. 4 into a single plane by mere- 1y a plyin pressure of the bendin rolls to t ed ange as shown in Fi 7, is; no to the fact thatthe bending of a. ar of the form show-n in'Fig. 4 to that shown in Fig. 5 can only be effected by elon atin the adjoining 'edges of the flanges A :ind

During the bending of the flange A from the shape shown in'Fig. 4 to that shown in Fig. 5, the

' edge of. this flangenearest the center of cur- .vature' cannot be compressed or shortened to any appreciable extent, and consequently the metal of the edge of the flange further from the center of. curvature'must be stretched or elongated, together with adjacent arts of the flange B. However the edge. of the flange B is not stretched during this bend 'ing of the bar. Consequently the stretchiiig or elon ation of'metal of the. bar at the juncture of the flanges, to ether with the fact that the metal at the 0 go portion 1) is not elongated, causesthe angle bar to be bent in such a manner-that the flange" A is again bent into a; single plane. In order to produce a correctly curved bar as shown in Fi 5, it is necessary to produce in the first oper-. ation the proper curvature of the bar or elongation of the edge 6 thereof, to corre-- spond to the final curvature desired. As the result of these two bending operations the finally bent bar as shown in Fig. 5 will be strumentalities.

a bending machine of a construction frecases of this kin is done in ordinary l Lee'hsee of correct cross sectional shape, with the two flanges thereof at substantially right angles to'each other.

The bending or. curving of the bars may be carried out by any suitable or desired in- In Figs. 6 and 7 is shown quently used in connection with-the bending of bars, this machine including a housing 15 on which three rolls 16, 17 and 18* are- 'ournalled' on shafts extending outwardly be ond the end of the housing, and these ro ls may be adjustable relatively to each other in any suitable or desired manner, the upper roll 16 being adjustable toward the two lower rolls 17 and 18 in the construction shown, a hand wheel 19 and suitable mechanism (not shown) being preferably emexample from the right to the left asshown in-Fig. 7, the bar is bent as illustrated in this figure.

7' In connection with the process described, I have found that where angles with unequal legsas those shown in Figs- 3, 4 and 5 are to be bent so that the widest flange B extends outwardly from ,the center of curvaturedifliculties are freguently encountered. For

I have devised an improved process of and mechanism for bending which consists .of subjecting the outer por tion or edge of a flange or of a flat plate or strip to an elongating actioir which may power so be effected by cold rolling under pressure. For example if a strip'of material such as shown at C in Fig. 1 or a relatively wide flange as the flange B in Fig. 3 is to be bent edgewise, in other words in its own' plane, considerable diflicult is encountered if this I bending machines since it is almost impossible to bend a fiat bar or flange or art of a bar ed ewise without buckling tli bar or strip out of their planes. I have e opposite side aces of such a 1 found, however, that if a portion ofa side of I a bar, for-example'a side'c shown in Figs. 1

and 2 is subjected to rolling under pressure,

which may be done while the bar is'c'old, an elongation of the side 0 results which causes a curving of the bar from the form shown in Fig. 1 to the form shown in Fig; 2 with a very small reduction in the thickness of the bar. This rolling operation may also be a plied to angle bars for bending the same.

onsequently in the case of the angle bar shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the preliminary .curving of the angle bar. is preferably efl'ected byapplying a rolling pressure to the side 6 under pressure of this side sults and a corresponding elongation there-- of. This produces the'desired curvature of of the flange B of the angle so that a rolling of the flangereproducing this 7 As shown in vFig. 8, three small rolls are I tively on the rolls 17 which provided, to wit, rolls 21, 22, and 23, the last two of which are pivoted in a suitable bearing or guide housing 24 'provided with .a downwardly extending guide portion '25 18. The two rolls 22 and 23' bear respec tary motiontherefrom, which rotarv motion lmit to the lower face of thevroll" 16 of the ben ing machine. By adjusting, the rolls of the bending machinei relatively I to the rolls of the rolling elementythe distance between the upper surface of the roll21. and the low-' or surface J of the roll '16 can beg adjusted I accurately, and if. this distanceis adjusted to be 'sli htly less I olled, a-rolling out or elonga-- part will result. Fig. .10 shows 1 a bar passing through the machine to be adted upon by: the'frolls- 16 and, 21-. so that ,the free edge portion bf of "the flange- B. is subjectedto arollin I I in an elongation of; this portion of thea rotation of the roll 21 In the "construction described. therolling' element :consis'ting' off the] rolls "21 5.22. and I 23, and the housing can bereadilyi inserted b between the rolls 116, '17. and 18 ii; Es'uch a i manner that the'two o1ls"22*and-23"bearf I than the thickness of the part to tion' of the tuition, which iresults on and receiverotary' motion-from the rolls 17and '1 8 -'respective1y.' This in -.-t urn; causes at the same, peripheral speed as the roll 16, so that the rolling action offa bar, plate or strip can'be' readily effected. The rolling device shown is so made'that the pressure is transmitted from the roll 21 to the rolls- 22 and 23 and from. the "rolls22 and 23 to-the iolls 17 and 18, so

that very little or no pressure is exerted on the bearings of the rolls 22' and 23in the housing 24, the pressures being transmitted l only through the rolls themselves. The bear} ings'of these rolls 22 and 23, therefore,

serve" to hold the rolls in correct relation to each other and to the bending rolls 16, 17 and extending guide por- 18. The downwardly tion 25 extends between the rolls17, and 18 and serves to hold the rolling attachment in I is any may, however, be usedthe tiltin extends between the two rolls 17 and and I8 and receive rosure rolling also has first, bending said bar of said first vmentioned angs -to thesame and to curve said ar, and t on only correct relation toth'e rolls so that no secur 111g ofthe attachment is necessary ly a placin attachment tendency of the device to tilt, the guide If desire a bar may be passed between the rolls 16 and 21 a numberof times until the desired curvature is obtained, the rolls being brought closer together so that rolling out or elongation-is effectupon by the rolls. to givethe bar the work which is actedbut mere- .or positioning of the rolling etween the rolls. :In case there portion 25- will engage one or the other of the rolls 17 or 18 and thus limit movement of the rolling device.

second bending 0 eration, the rolling attachment can be quickly removed from its position between the rolls its operative osition, the bar may be passed through the ending machine in the usual manner to receive the second bendingthere-- is transmitted to the roll 21 which. rests 5} f Y i loosely upon the two rolls -22. and' 23 and the 7 upper face of this roll '21 extends into 'prox- The bendin of a bar, II of premure ro ling has the important advantage thatthere is notendencyof the part l7 and 1.8 and by lowering the roll 16 into rod or by means.

which is bein bent to'buckle or bend out of the original p ane of its flat faces. This preswork can be uniformly curved from end to end thereof, while with bending machines each.

curved. I I cla1m as 'my invention end of the center of curvature while the other flange extends cylindrically about the center of curvature, consisting of said other flange so that the free edge there.- of is convexly curved, and then ben ing said gles to'the plane of said other nge to cause said firstv mentioned flange, toextend toward the center of curvature and into aplane.

, 2. The process. of bending angle shapedv the advantage that the in a plane parallel to far in a direction substantiallg at right an other flange extends as heretofore used, a certain length of bar at work oouldnot be bent or that one of the flanges toward the center -of-"curvature from said" ing under pressure, the

bending said first 'mentionedflange in a difirst mentioned 'flange,= consisting of rollouter edge portion-- elo te rection transverse toz thejplane thereof -to cause said otherflange'rto'e d inwardly from said first mentioned flange toward the center of curvature.

3; The process of bending an angle bar with one I ange thereof extending' inwardly with referenceto the other flange, consisting of subjecting the outer edge portion of said other 45 i A IGCtlOD perpendicular to'the flat faces of bars with'one'flange thereo 'extendingin ence to the axis ofcurvature, and then bending said bar in a direction perpendicular to said first mentioned flange to cause said secondflange to extend from said firstfinentioned flange toward the axis of curvature.

5: The process of bendin angle shaped wardly toward the axis of curvature with reference-to the other flan e, consisting of first 'elongatin'g the outer e ge of said otherflange and then bending said bar in a direction perpendicular to the flat faces of said other flange and producing a corresponding elongation of the inner edge of sald other flange, whereby the edges of said other flange are caused to lie each substantially a plane. a

1 6. The process of bending. angle shaped: bars with one flange thereof extending in wardly toward the axis of curvature with reference to the other flange, consisting of first curving said bar' to' elongate the outer; edge of said other flange, and then bending,

.said bar in a direction perpendicular to said other flange and to cause ,said first flange to extend from said'other flange to i [ward the axis, of curvature, to reduce the curvature produced by the first bending operation.

7.- The-process of bending angle shaped bars with one flange thereof'extending inwardly toward the axis of curvature with reference to the other flange,- consisting' 0t first elongating the outer edge of said other flange and then bending said bar in a disaid other flange .and producing a correspondingelon'gation of the inner edge of said other flange, due to the bending of said first mentioned-flange in a direction cross- "wise thereof} 8. The process of bending angle shaped bars into a formv in which one flange thereof extends cylindrically about the center or curvature and the other flange extends toward the center of curvature from said first mentioned flange, consisting of elongating I the outer edgev portion of said first mentioned flan e, and then bending said first mentioned ange in a direction perpendicular to the flat faces thereof to cause said other flangeto be bent edgewise and thereby produce a corresponding elon ation of the other edge portion of-said fi rst mentioned flange. y

9. The process of bending angle shaped bar's into a form in which one flange thereofextends cylindrically about the center of curvature and the other flange extends toward the center of curvature from said first 'mentioned' flange, consistingof elongating the outer edge ortionof said first mentioned flange by curving said bar to an extent depending upon the ultimate curvature de- "sired, and then bending said first mentioned flange in a direction perpendicular to the flat faces th ereof to cause said other flange to be bent edgewise and thereby produce a correspondingelongation of the other'edge portion of said first mentioned flange to cause said other flange to be bent into a plane.

10. The process of bending a bar having a plurality of flanges into a form in which one of said flanges extends cvlindrically about the axisof curvature an the other flange extends inwardly from said cylindrical flange toward the axis of curvature,

consisting of first bending said bar in a 00 direction dparallel to said first mentioned flange an producing an elongation of the outer edge of said first mentioned flange, and then bending said bar in a direction substantiall at right angles to said first mentioned ange to cause'said other flange to extend toward the center of curvature, to

produce an elongation of the edge of said' first mentioned flange adjoining said other flange corresponding to the elongation of the outer edge of said first mentioned, flange. v

' ARTHUR T. YATES. 

